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On this page I will try to explain the video types and connectors etc as best as I can.

please note that this page is a work in progress and is always been updated.

YP_BP_R is the analog video signal carried by component video cable in consumer video products. The green cable carries Y, the blue cable carries P_B and the red cable carries P_R

• Y carries luma (brightness) information.
• P_B carries the difference between blue and luma (B−Y)
• P_R carries the difference between red and luma (R−Y)

and also referred to as Y/P_B/P_R, YP_RP_B, P_RP_BY, P_BP_RY, Y/Pb/Pr, YPrPb, PrPbY, PbPrY (plus many more)

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YCbCr or Y’CbCr.

• Y’ –  is the luma component.
• Cb is the blue difference chroma component.
• Cr is the red difference chroma components. The (‘) on the Y is to distinguish the luma from luminance, meaning that light intensity is non-linearly encoded using gamma.

Y’CbCr is a way of encoding RGB information. The actual color displayed depends on the actual RGB colorants used to display the signal.

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RGB analog component video (1920×1080 at 60Hz)

The various RGB (red, green, blue) analog component video standards (e.g., RGBS, RGBHV, RG&SB) use no compression and impose no real limit on color depth or resolution, but require large bandwidth to carry the signal and contain much redundant data since each channel typically includes the same black and white image.

Analog RGB is slowly falling out of favor as computers obtain better clarity using digital (DVI) video and home theater moves towards HDMI. Analog RGB has been largely ignored, as it cannot easily be made to support digital rights management. RGB was never popular in North America for consumer electronics, although it was used extensively in commercial, professional and high-end installations, as S-Video was considered sufficient for consumer use.

RGB requires an additional signal for synchronizing the video display.

• composite sync, where the horizontal and vertical signals are mixed together on a separate wire (the S in RGBS)
• separate sync, where the horizontal and vertical are each on their own wire (the H and V in RGBHV)
• sync on green, where a composite sync signal is overlaid on the green wire (SoG or RGsB).

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S-Video (728 x 576 @ 25 PAL)

Super Video or Separated Video abbreviated S-Video and also known as Y/C is an analog video signal that carries the video data as two separate signals, luma (luminance) and chroma (colour), unlike composite video which carries picture information as a single lower-quality signal, or component video which carries picture information as three separate higher-quality signals — typically luma and two chroma components. S-Video, as most commonly implemented, carries 480i or 576i resolution video, i.e., standard definition video, but does not carry audio on the same cable.

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Composite Video (728 x 576 @ 25 PAL)

Composite video is the format of an analog television (picture only) signal before it is combined with a sound signal and modulated onto an RF carrier.

Composite video is often designated by the CVBS acronym, meaning any of “Color, Video, Blank and Sync”, “Composite Video Baseband Signal”, “Composite Video Burst Signal”, or “Composite Video with Burst and Sync”.

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Then there is also Composite video with left and right (L/R) white and red audio leads.

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Then there is the RF type connector for general TV use which normally goes from your antennae / wall plate to the TV etc.

DVD Res PAL – 720×576.

Blueray upto – 1920x1080i normally.

Closed captioning – Closed captioning enables the hearing-impaired to read the dialogue-in text form-of the television program. The text usually appears at the bottom or top of the program. Closed captioning looks like sub-titles on foreign language programs.

High-definition – High-definition television pictures, when compared with normal standard definition pictures on our current television sets, are sharp, non grainy, crystal clear and superior in quality and definition. HDTV comes in a ‘wide-screen’ 16 x 9 (16:9) format. The current analogue format is 4 x 3 (4:3)

Multi-channel – A multi-channel broadcast is one where a number of traditional television programs are broadcast at the same time. Digital technology makes this possible by compressing the signal to fit more ‘channels’ or ‘programs’ into the same corridor of broadcast spectrum used for current television broadcasting.

Simulcast – Transmitting both analogue and digital television simultaneously so that viewers can receive the same program with a current analogue TV set or a digital TV set.

Transmission – Broadcast transmission is the carrying of broadcast information-traditionally pictures and sound-through the air from broadcaster to viewer.

Digital TV Format’s etc.

Standard Definition
SD broadcasts provides wide screen DVD equivalent picture quality. The resolution is 576i (576 horizontal lines interlaced). It is broadcast with MPEG digital stereo sound (similar to CD quality) some programs are enhanced with Dolby Pro Logic or Dolby Digital sound.

High Definition
HD broadcasts also provide wide screen pictures, but they have an even sharper image with up to twice the horizontal and almost three times the vertical resolution of SD. Due to bandwidth restrictions, there has been some debate by the public broadcasters over what constitutes “high definition”. Australia is one of the only countries in the world to consider a 576p image to be the minimum for HD. This means it is a “progressively scanned” version of the standard definition signal. SBS HD is broadcast in 576p, as is most of ABC HD.

720p is the universally accepted standard for the minimum HD picture resolution, and consists of a 1280×720 pixels at 50Hz progressive. The maximum resolution that the broadcasters transmit in is 1080i (1080 horizontal lines interlaced). As flat screens like LCD’s are naturally progressive they won’t display an “i” image anyway, but will instead convert it automatically to “p”. The benefits of HD pictures are particularly noticeable on larger screen sets.

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